Cirrhosis symptoms and signs depend on (a) liver dysfunction and (b) portal hypertension.

Onset of cirrhosis symptoms can be (a) vague, with anorexia, dyspepsia, weight loss, malaise, and lack of libido; (b) dramatic, with jaundice, ascites, or hematemesis; (c) asymptomatic, with hepatomegaly; or (d) miscellaneous, including swelling of ankles, diarrhea, and low-grade fever.

Hepatic symptoms can include (a) hepatomegaly, where the liver can be palpable, non-tender, and shrinks as the disease progresses; (b) jaundice, which is uncommon but can occur due to hepatocellular failure or intrahepatic cholestasis; and (c) ascites, which develops gradually, rarely suddenly following trauma to the abdomen, intestinal bleeding, acute infection, or portal thrombosis.

Digestive symptoms can include (a) hematemesis, which can be the presenting symptom due to rupture of esophageal varices, with other signs of collateral circulation including dilated periumbilical veins and hemorrhoids; (b) peptic ulcer; (c) parotid enlargement; and (d) pancreatitis.

Endocrine symptoms can include (a) in males: gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, feminization, decreased body hair, and impotence, and (b) in females: lowered libido and usually breast atrophy.

Haematological symptoms can include (a) purpura and (b) anemia, which can be caused by bleeding, impaired conversion of folic acid into folinic acid, impaired metabolism of vitamin B12, and hemolysis.

Dermatological and musculoskeletal symptoms can include arterial spiders, which are critical arterioles from which radiate several small vessels, visible in the necklace area, face, forearm, and dorsum of the hand, and may disappear with improving hepatic function.

Circulatory symptoms can include (a) hyperdynamic circulation due to extended blood volume, related anemia, A-V shunting in the lungs, and excessive vasodilator fabric due to failure of detoxing by the damaged liver; (b) clubbing; and (c) cyanosis.

Neurological symptoms can include (a) portosystemic encephalopathy and (b) peripheral neuropathy.

Renal symptoms can include hepato-renal syndrome, with about 80% of patients dying from cirrhosis having renal failure, which is mostly functional renal failure/acute tubular necrosis or diuretic-induced.

Miscellaneous symptoms can include (a) low-grade fever, which is common due to bacteremia, continuing hepatic molecular necrosis, or infected ascites, or rarely due to development of hepatoma, and (b) hydrothorax, which may occur in the right pleural cavity.

• Blood-(a) Anaemia normocytic, normochromic; can be hypochromic if gastric haemorrhage. Occasionally macro-cytic. (b) Low white mobileular matter or decreased platelets because of hypersplenism. (c) Raised ESR from odd serum proteins. (d) Mitochondrial antibodies in biliary cirrhosis.
• Liver feature tests- can be ordinary in sufferers with compensated cirrhosis. Usually moderate boom in serum trans- aminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma globulin stages and fall in serum albumin stages and fall in serum albumin level.
• Radiology

(a) Barium swallow

(b) Transplenic portal venography

(c) Selective celiac arterio-portography

(d) Umbilical venography

(e) Liver scan

• Histological-Liver biopsy indicates common modifications.
• Mechanical

(a) Proctoscopy

(b) Laparoscopy

(c) Estimation of portal pressure

(d) Electroencephalogram

• Complications

1. Due to portal hypertension
2. Due to liver mobileular dysfunction
3. Due to formation of regeneration nodules
4. Mechanical because of ascites
5. Due to infection
6. Hypersplenism
7. Chronic renal failure

• Differential Diagnosis :

1. Depending upon medical presentation of
2. Hepatomegaly
3. Haematemesis
4. Splenomegaly
5. Jaunice
6. Ascites

• Management : is palliative

1. Rest in bed-until development continues
2. Diet-Low salt. Total each day consumption of 2000 energy with protein consumption of a hundred and twenty gm. If affected person can tolerate it. Fats and carbohydrates in ordinary quantities. Vitamin B complicated.
3. Treatment of liver disorder-Abstinence from alcohol withinside the alcoholic. Steroids in case of persistent energetic hepatitis. Appropriate remedy in case of Wilson’s disorder and haemochromatosis.
4. Drugs-(a) Corticosteroids- can also additionally assist affected person with energetic posthepatitis cirrhosis. Prednisolone is sustained in a small preservation dose of 10 mg. each day for plenty months. (b) Immunosuppressive agents-in case of difficult aspect results of corticosteroids.
5. Symptomatic treatment

(i) Anaemia

(ii) Restlessness

(iii)Ascites

(iv) Haematemesis

(i) Anaemia

The modifications you’ll want to make will rely on how nicely your liver is working. Talk in your medical doctor approximately the sort food plan this is pleasant for you so you get the proper quantity of nutrition.

General hints for sufferers with intense liver disorder consist of:

• Eat big quantities of carbohydrate meals. Carbohydrates have to be the most important supply of energy on this food plan.
• Eat a slight consumption of fats, as prescribed via way of means of the fitness care provider. The elevated carbohydrates and fats assist save you protein breakdown withinside the liver.
• Have approximately 1 gram of protein in line with kilogram of frame weight. This manner that a 154-pound (70-kilogram) guy have to consume 70 grams of protein in line with day. This does now no longer consist of the protein from starchy meals and vegetables. A individual with a badly broken liver can also additionally want to consume much less protein. Talk in your medical doctor approximately your protein needs.
• Take nutrition supplements, specially B-complicated vitamins.
• Reduce the quantity of salt you consume (generally much less than 1500 milligrams in line with day) in case you are keeping fluid.

• Breakfast
  • 1 orange
  • Cooked oatmeal with milk and sugar
  • 1 slice of whole-wheat toast
  • Strawberry jam
  • Coffee or tea
• Lunch
  • 4 ounces of cooked lean fish, poultry, or meat
  • A starch item (such as potatoes)
  • A cooked vegetable
  • Salad
  • 2 slices of whole-grain bread
  • 1 tablespoon of jelly
  • Fresh fruit
  • Milk
• Mid-Afternoon Snack
  • Milk with graham crackers
• Dinner
  • 4 ounces of cooked fish, poultry, or meat
  • Starch item (such as potatoes)
  • A cooked vegetable
  • Salad
  • 2 whole-grain rolls
  • Fresh fruit or dessert
  • 8 ounces of milk
• Evening snack
  • Glass of milk or piece of fruit
  • Most of the time you do not have to avoid specific foods.
  • Talk to your doctor if you have questions about your diet or symptoms

1. Homeopathy can be used as a complementary or alternative treatment for cirrhosis of the liver. It can help improve the overall functioning of the liver and reduce symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and abdominal discomfort.

2. The homeopathic approach to treating cirrhosis of the liver focuses on identifying the underlying cause of the disease and prescribing individualized remedies based on the patient’s unique symptoms and medical history.

3. Homeopathic remedies such as Carduus Marianus, Chelidonium, and Lycopodium are often used to treat liver conditions like cirrhosis. These remedies are chosen based on the individual symptoms of the patient, as well as the severity and stage of the disease.

4. Dr. Harshad Raval MD Homeopathy is a well-known practitioner of homeopathy in India, and he has developed a specialized approach to treating cirrhosis of the liver using homeopathy. Dr. Raval believes that the key to successful treatment of cirrhosis is to first identify and treat the underlying causes of the disease, such as viral hepatitis or alcoholism.

5. In addition to homeopathic remedies, Dr. Raval also emphasizes the importance of diet and lifestyle changes in managing cirrhosis of the liver. He recommends a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean protein, and advises patients to avoid alcohol and other substances that can damage the liver. Exercise and stress management techniques can also be helpful in improving overall liver health.